Detailed Description

Description of properties and kinematics of atomic nuclei.

Examples of use:

Create an alpha particle, and find its binding energy, mass, and mass excess:

KVNucleus n(2,4); // create nucleus with Z=2 and A=4
cout << "Binding energy of alpha = " << n.GetBindingEnergy() << " MeV" << endl;
cout << "Mass = " << n.GetMass() << " = 4 * " << KVNucleus::kAMU << " + " << n.GetMassExcess() << endl;

Using the same object we can also obtain binding energies and mass excesses for all other nuclei:

n.GetBindingEnergy(1,2);//binding energy of deuteron

n.GetMassExcess(0,1);//mass excess of neutron

Nuclear masses

We can also create nuclei by only specifying the atomic number Z. In this case the mass number A is calculated from Z:

KVNucleus nuc(82);//create Pb nucleus
nuc.GetA();//by default this is the A corresponding to beta-stability, i.e. 208
nuc.SetMassFormula(KVNucleus::kVedaMass);//change the mass formula used for this nucleus
nuc.GetA();//now the value is that calculated according to the Veda formula, 202
nuc.SetMassFormula(KVNucleus::kEALMass);//Evaporation Attractor Line from R.J. Charity
nuc.GetA();//gives 186
nuc.SetMassFormula(KVNucleus::kBetaMass);//restore the default mass formula

Z and A can be specified separately:

KVNucleus a;//no A or Z specified
a.SetZ(10);//at this moment the nucleus' mass number is 20 (beta-stability)
a.SetA(24);//now this represents a 24Ne nucleus

Note: be careful not to use SetZ() AFTER SetA(), because the mass number is always automatically calculated from Z after a call to SetZ().

The value of the atomic mass unit, u, is given by KVNucleus::kAMU or KVNucleus::u() It is 931.494 043 x 10**6 eV, as per the 2002 CODATA recommended values (Reviews of Modern Physics 77, 1-107 (2005)).

Nuclear Arithmetic & Calorimetry

The '+', '-' and '=' operators have been redefined for the KVNucleus class. One can therefore perform "nuclear arithmetic". Example:

KVNucleus c = a + b; //'a' and 'b' are also KVNucleus objects

c

#define c(i)

b

Option_t Option_t TPoint TPoint const char GetTextMagnitude GetFillStyle GetLineColor GetLineWidth GetMarkerStyle GetTextAlign GetTextColor GetTextSize void char Point_t Rectangle_t WindowAttributes_t Float_t Float_t Float_t b

The Z, A, momentum and excitation energy of 'c' are calculated from the appropriate conservation laws. The mass excesses of the 3 nuclei are obviously taken into consideration.

If 'a' and 'b' are projectile and target, 'c' is the compound nucleus after fusion.

In order to perform calorimetry (calculation of source characteristics from daughter nuclei) one need only sum all nuclei associated with the source. The resulting nucleus is the source nucleus with its Z, A, momentum and excitation energy.

Note: if one defines an excitation energy for a nucleus using the SetExcitEnergy() method, the mass and the total energy is modified (M = Mgs + Ex) when excitation energy is set, one can access to the ground state mass via GetMassGS()

The subtraction operator allows to perform energy balance for a binary splitting of a nucleus. Example:

KVNucleus d = c - b;

d

#define d(i)

In this case, the resulting nucleus 'd' should be identical to 'a' in the first example. One could also imagine

KVNucleus e = c - alpha;

e

#define e(i)

where 'alpha' is a KVNucleus alpha-particle, for which we specify the momentum after emission. The resulting nucleus 'e' is the residue of the fusion compound after evaporation of an alpha particle.

Note: It is the user's responsiblitly to handle excitation energy sharing between the outgoing nuclei.

The operators '+=' and '-=' also exist. 'a+=b' means 'a = a + b' etc.

Mass Excess Table

Different mass tables can be implemented using classes derived from KVMassTable. The mass table to be used is defined by environment variable

KVNucleus.MassExcessTable: MyMassExcessTable

where 'MyMassExcessTable' must be defined in terms of a KVNuclDataTable plugin:

+Plugin.KVNuclDataTable: MyMassExcessTable MyMassExcessTable MyMassExcessTable.cpp+ " MyMassExcessTable()"

Examples: ClassTraj.cpp, ExampleAnalysis_KVEventMixerN_3Body.cpp, ExampleINDRAAnalysis.cpp, ExampleSimDataAnalysis.cpp, KVEvent_iterator_example.C, KVGenPhaseSpace_example.C, KVGenPhaseSpace_example2.C, MicroStat_example.C, MicroStat_example2.C, and globvars_kvzmax.C.

Definition at line 126 of file KVNucleus.h.

#include <KVNucleus.h>

Inheritance diagram for KVNucleus:

[legend]

Public Types
enum	{ kBetaMass , kVedaMass , kEALMass , kEALResMass , kEPAXMass }

enum	{ kLDModel , kEMPFunc , kELTON }

enum	{ kDefaultFormula , kItkis1998 , kHinde1987 , kViola1985 , kViola1966 }

enum	{ kNN , knn , kpp , knp }

Public Types inherited from KVParticle
enum	{ kIsOK = BIT(14) , kIsOKSet = BIT(15) , kIsDetected = BIT(16) }

Public Types inherited from TLorentzVector
typedef Double_t	Scalar

Public Types inherited from TObject
enum	EDeprecatedStatusBits

enum	EStatusBits

Public Member Functions
	KVNucleus ()

	KVNucleus (const Char_t *, Double_t EperA=0)
	KVNucleus(const Char_t *);. More...

	KVNucleus (const KVNucleus &)
	copy ctor More...

	KVNucleus (Int_t z, Double_t t, const TVector3 &p)

	KVNucleus (Int_t z, Int_t a, const TVector3 &p)

	KVNucleus (Int_t z, Int_t a=0, Double_t ekin=0)

virtual	~ KVNucleus ()

void	CheckZAndA (Int_t &z, Int_t &a) const

virtual void	Clear (Option_t *opt="")

Int_t	Compare (const TObject *obj) const

virtual void	Copy (TObject &) const
	Copy this KVNucleus into the KVNucleus object referenced by "obj". More...

Double_t	DeduceEincFromBrho (Double_t Brho, Int_t ChargeState=0)
	TH2F* GetKnownNucleiChart(KVString method="GetBindingEnergyPerNucleon");. More...

Int_t	GetA () const

Double_t	GetAbundance (Int_t z=-1, Int_t a=-1) const

KVAbundance *	GetAbundancePtr (Int_t z=-1, Int_t a=-1) const

Double_t	GetAMeV () const

Double_t	GetAsurZ () const

Double_t	GetAtomicMass (Int_t zz=-1, Int_t aa=-1) const

Int_t	GetAWithMaxBindingEnergy (Int_t z=-1)

Double_t	GetBindingEnergy (Int_t z=-1, Int_t a=-1) const

Double_t	GetBindingEnergyPerNucleon (Int_t z=-1, Int_t a=-1) const
	Returns binding energy in MeV/A for this nucleus. More...

Double_t	GetChargeAsymetry () const

Double_t	GetChargeRadius (Int_t z=-1, Int_t a=-1) const

KVChargeRadius *	GetChargeRadiusPtr (Int_t z=-1, Int_t a=-1) const

Double_t	GetEnergyPerNucleon () const

Double_t	GetExcitEnergy () const

Double_t	GetExtraChargeRadius (Int_t z=-1, Int_t a=-1, Int_t rct=2) const

Double_t	GetExtraMassExcess (Int_t z=-1, Int_t a=-1) const

Double_t	GetFissionTKE (const KVNucleus *nuc=0, Int_t formula=kDefaultFormula) const

Double_t	GetFissionVelocity (KVNucleus *nuc=0, Int_t formula=kDefaultFormula)

const Char_t *	GetIsotopesList (Int_t zmin, Int_t zmax, Double_t tmin=0) const

KVNumberList	GetKnownARange (Int_t z=-1, Double_t tmin=0) const

const Char_t *	GetLatexSymbol (Option_t *opt="") const

Double_t	GetLifeTime (Int_t z=-1, Int_t a=-1) const

KVLifeTime *	GetLifeTimePtr (Int_t z=-1, Int_t a=-1) const

Double_t	GetLiquidDropBindingEnergy (Int_t z=-1, Int_t a=-1) const

Double_t	GetMassExcess (Int_t z=-1, Int_t a=-1) const

KVMassExcess *	GetMassExcessPtr (Int_t z=-1, Int_t a=-1) const

Int_t	GetMassFormula () const

Double_t	GetMassGS () const

KVNumberList	GetMeasuredARange (Int_t z=-1) const
	returns range of a measured mass for a given element More...

Int_t	GetMostAbundantA (Int_t z=-1) const

Int_t	GetN () const
	Return the number of neutron. More...

Double_t	GetNaturalA (Int_t zz=-1) const

Int_t	GetNpairs (Int_t type=kNN) const

Double_t	GetNsurZ () const

Double_t	GetParity (Int_t z=-1, Int_t a=-1) const

Double_t	GetQFasymTKE (KVNucleus *target)

Double_t	GetRelativeVelocity (KVNucleus *nuc)
	Return the reltive velocity between nuc and this in cm/ns. More...

Double_t	GetSpin (Int_t z=-1, Int_t a=-1) const

KVSpinParity *	GetSpinParityPtr (Int_t z=-1, Int_t a=-1) const

const Char_t *	GetSymbol (Option_t *opt="") const

Double_t	GetWidth () const

Int_t	GetZ () const
	Return the number of proton / atomic number. More...

void	init ()

Bool_t	IsDefined () const

Bool_t	IsElement (Int_t Z) const

Bool_t	IsIsotope (Int_t Z, Int_t A) const

Bool_t	IsKnown (int z=-1, int a=-1) const

Bool_t	IsResonance () const

Bool_t	IsSortable () const

Bool_t	IsStable (Double_t min_lifetime=1.0e+15) const

Double_t	LiquidDrop_Weizsacker ()

KVNucleus	operator+ (const KVNucleus &rhs)

KVNucleus &	operator+= (const KVNucleus &rhs)
	KVNucleus addition and assignment operator. More...

KVNucleus	operator- (const KVNucleus &rhs)

KVNucleus &	operator-= (const KVNucleus &rhs)
	KVNucleus subtraction and assignment operator. More...

KVNucleus &	operator= (const KVNucleus &rhs)
	KVNucleus assignment operator. More...

virtual void	Print (Option_t *t="") const
	Display nucleus parameters. More...

void	Set (const Char_t *)

void	SetA (Int_t a)

void	SetExcitEnergy (Double_t e)

void	SetMassFormula (UChar_t mt)

void	SetN (Int_t n)

void	SetZ (Int_t z, Char_t mt=-1)

void	SetZAandE (Int_t z, Int_t a, Double_t ekin)
	Set atomic number, mass number, and kinetic energy in MeV. More...

void	SetZandA (Int_t z, Int_t a)
	Set atomic number and mass number. More...

void	SetZandN (Int_t z, Int_t n)
	Set atomic number and mass number. More...

int	SetZFromSymbol (const Char_t *)

Double_t	ShimaChargeState (Int_t) const

Double_t	ShimaChargeStatePrecision () const

Public Member Functions inherited from KVParticle
	KVParticle ()

	KVParticle (const KVParticle &)
	copy ctor More...

	KVParticle (Double_t m, const TVector3 &p)
	create particle with given mass and momentum vector More...

	KVParticle (Double_t m, Double_t px, Double_t py, Double_t pz)
	create particle with given mass and momentum vector More...

virtual	~ KVParticle ()

void	AddGroup (const Char_t groupname, const Char_t from="") const

Bool_t	BelongsToGroup (const Char_t *groupname) const

void	ChangeDefaultFrame (const Char_t , const Char_t defname="")

void	ChangeFrame (const KVFrameTransform &, const KVString &="")

Double_t	GetCosTheta () const

const KVParticle *	GetCurrentDefaultKinematics () const

Double_t	GetE () const

Double_t	GetElong () const

Double_t	GetEnergy () const

Double_t	GetEtran () const

KVParticle const *	GetFrame (const Char_t *frame, Bool_t warn_and_return_null_if_unknown=kTRUE) const

const Char_t *	GetFrameName (void) const

KVUniqueNameList *	GetGroups () const

Double_t	GetKE () const

KVList *	GetListOfFrames () const

Double_t	GetLongitudinalEnergy () const

Double_t	GetMass () const

TVector3	GetMomentum () const

const Char_t *	GetName () const
	return the field fName More...

Int_t	GetNumberOfDefinedFrames () const

Int_t	GetNumberOfDefinedGroups () const

KVNameValueList *	GetParameters () const

Double_t	GetPhi () const

TVector3 *	GetPInitial () const

Double_t	GetREtran () const

Double_t	GetRTransverseEnergy () const

Double_t	GetThermalWaveLength (Double_t temp) const

Double_t	GetTheta () const

Double_t	GetTransverseEnergy () const

TVector3	GetTransverseMomentum () const

TVector3	GetV () const

TVector3	GetVelocity () const
	returns velocity vector in cm/ns units More...

Double_t	GetVpar () const

Double_t	GetVperp () const

Double_t	GetWaveLength () const

Bool_t	HasFrame (const Char_t *frame) const

KVParticle	InFrame (const KVFrameTransform &)

void	init ()
	default initialisation More...

Bool_t	IsDefaultKinematics () const

Bool_t	IsDetected () const

Bool_t	IsOK () const

void	ListGroups () const
	List all stored groups. More...

void	ls (Option_t *option="") const

KVParticle &	operator= (const KVParticle &rhs)
	KVParticle assignment operator. More...

void	RemoveAllGroups ()
	Remove all groups. More...

void	RemoveGroup (const Char_t *groupname)
	Remove group from list of groups. More...

void	ResetEnergy ()

void	ResetIsOK ()

void	Set4Mom (const TLorentzVector &p)

void	SetE (Double_t a)

void	SetE0 (TVector3 *e=0)

void	SetEnergy (Double_t e)

void	SetFrame (const Char_t *frame, const KVFrameTransform &)

void	SetFrame (const Char_t newframe, const Char_t oldframe, const KVFrameTransform &)

void	SetFrameName (const Char_t *framename)

void	SetIsDetected ()

void	SetIsOK (Bool_t flag=kTRUE)

void	SetKE (Double_t ecin)

virtual void	SetMass (Double_t m)

void	SetMomentum (const TVector3 &v)

void	SetMomentum (Double_t px, Double_t py, Double_t pz, Option_t *opt="cart")

void	SetMomentum (Double_t T, const TVector3 &dir)

void	SetName (const Char_t *nom)
	Set Name of the particle. More...

template<typename ValType >
void	SetParameter (const Char_t *name, ValType value) const

void	SetPhi (Double_t phi)

void	SetRandomMomentum (Double_t T, Double_t thmin, Double_t thmax, Double_t phmin, Double_t phmax, Option_t *opt="isotropic")

void	SetTheta (Double_t theta)

void	SetVelocity (const TVector3 &)
	Set velocity of particle (in cm/ns units) More...

void	UpdateAllFrames ()

Public Member Functions inherited from TLorentzVector
	TLorentzVector ()

	TLorentzVector (const Double_t *carray)

	TLorentzVector (const Float_t *carray)

	TLorentzVector (const TLorentzVector &lorentzvector)

	TLorentzVector (const TVector3 &vector3, Double_t t)

	TLorentzVector (Double_t x, Double_t y, Double_t z, Double_t t)

	~TLorentzVector () override

Double_t	Angle (const TVector3 &v) const

Double_t	Beta () const

void	Boost (const TVector3 &)

void	Boost (Double_t, Double_t, Double_t)

TVector3	BoostVector () const

Double_t	CosTheta () const

Double_t	DeltaPhi (const TLorentzVector &) const

Double_t	DeltaR (const TLorentzVector &, Bool_t useRapidity=kFALSE) const

Double_t	Dot (const TLorentzVector &) const

Double_t	DrEtaPhi (const TLorentzVector &) const

Double_t	DrRapidityPhi (const TLorentzVector &) const

Double_t	E () const

Double_t	Energy () const

Double_t	Et () const

Double_t	Et (const TVector3 &) const

Double_t	Et2 () const

Double_t	Et2 (const TVector3 &) const

Double_t	Eta () const

TVector2	EtaPhiVector ()

Double_t	Gamma () const

void	GetXYZT (Double_t *carray) const

void	GetXYZT (Float_t *carray) const

TClass *	IsA () const override

Double_t	M () const

Double_t	M2 () const

Double_t	Mag () const

Double_t	Mag2 () const

Double_t	Minus () const

Double_t	Mt () const

Double_t	Mt2 () const

	operator ROOT::Math::PxPyPzEVector () const

Bool_t	operator!= (const TLorentzVector &) const

Double_t &	operator() (int i)

Double_t	operator() (int i) const

Double_t	operator* (const TLorentzVector &) const

TLorentzVector	operator* (Double_t a) const

TLorentzVector &	operator*= (const TLorentzRotation &)

TLorentzVector &	operator*= (const TRotation &)

TLorentzVector &	operator*= (Double_t a)

TLorentzVector	operator+ (const TLorentzVector &) const

TLorentzVector &	operator+= (const TLorentzVector &)

TLorentzVector	operator- () const

TLorentzVector	operator- (const TLorentzVector &) const

TLorentzVector &	operator-= (const TLorentzVector &)

TLorentzVector &	operator= (const TLorentzVector &)

Bool_t	operator== (const TLorentzVector &) const

Double_t &	operator[] (int i)

Double_t	operator[] (int i) const

Double_t	P () const

Double_t	Perp () const

Double_t	Perp (const TVector3 &v) const

Double_t	Perp2 () const

Double_t	Perp2 (const TVector3 &v) const

Double_t	Phi () const

Double_t	Plus () const

Double_t	PseudoRapidity () const

Double_t	Pt () const

Double_t	Pt (const TVector3 &v) const

Double_t	Px () const

Double_t	Py () const

Double_t	Pz () const

Double_t	Rapidity () const

Double_t	Rho () const

void	Rotate (Double_t, const TVector3 &)

void	RotateUz (const TVector3 &newUzVector)

void	RotateX (Double_t angle)

void	RotateY (Double_t angle)

void	RotateZ (Double_t angle)

void	SetE (Double_t a)

void	SetPerp (Double_t)

void	SetPhi (Double_t phi)

void	SetPtEtaPhiE (Double_t pt, Double_t eta, Double_t phi, Double_t e)

void	SetPtEtaPhiM (Double_t pt, Double_t eta, Double_t phi, Double_t m)

void	SetPx (Double_t a)

void	SetPxPyPzE (Double_t px, Double_t py, Double_t pz, Double_t e)

void	SetPy (Double_t a)

void	SetPz (Double_t a)

void	SetRho (Double_t rho)

void	SetT (Double_t a)

void	SetTheta (Double_t theta)

void	SetVect (const TVector3 &vect3)

void	SetVectM (const TVector3 &spatial, Double_t mass)

void	SetVectMag (const TVector3 &spatial, Double_t magnitude)

void	SetX (Double_t a)

void	SetXYZM (Double_t x, Double_t y, Double_t z, Double_t m)

void	SetXYZT (Double_t x, Double_t y, Double_t z, Double_t t)

void	SetY (Double_t a)

void	SetZ (Double_t a)

void	Streamer (TBuffer &) override

void	StreamerNVirtual (TBuffer &ClassDef_StreamerNVirtual_b)

Double_t	T () const

Double_t	Theta () const

TLorentzVector &	Transform (const TLorentzRotation &)

TLorentzVector &	Transform (const TRotation &)

TVector3	Vect () const

Double_t	X () const

Double_t	Y () const

Double_t	Z () const

Public Member Functions inherited from TObject
	TObject ()

	TObject (const TObject &object)

virtual	~TObject ()

void	AbstractMethod (const char *method) const

virtual void	AppendPad (Option_t *option="")

virtual void	Browse (TBrowser *b)

ULong_t	CheckedHash ()

virtual const char *	ClassName () const

virtual TObject *	Clone (const char *newname="") const

virtual void	Delete (Option_t *option="")

virtual Int_t	DistancetoPrimitive (Int_t px, Int_t py)

virtual void	Draw (Option_t *option="")

virtual void	DrawClass () const

virtual TObject *	DrawClone (Option_t *option="") const

virtual void	Dump () const

virtual void	Error (const char method, const char msgfmt,...) const

virtual void	Execute (const char method, const char params, Int_t *error=nullptr)

virtual void	Execute (TMethod method, TObjArray params, Int_t *error=nullptr)

virtual void	ExecuteEvent (Int_t event, Int_t px, Int_t py)

virtual void	Fatal (const char method, const char msgfmt,...) const

virtual TObject *	FindObject (const char *name) const

virtual TObject *	FindObject (const TObject *obj) const

virtual Option_t *	GetDrawOption () const

virtual const char *	GetIconName () const

virtual char *	GetObjectInfo (Int_t px, Int_t py) const

virtual Option_t *	GetOption () const

virtual const char *	GetTitle () const

virtual UInt_t	GetUniqueID () const

virtual Bool_t	HandleTimer (TTimer *timer)

virtual ULong_t	Hash () const

Bool_t	HasInconsistentHash () const

virtual void	Info (const char method, const char msgfmt,...) const

virtual Bool_t	InheritsFrom (const char *classname) const

virtual Bool_t	InheritsFrom (const TClass *cl) const

virtual void	Inspect () const

void	InvertBit (UInt_t f)

Bool_t	IsDestructed () const

virtual Bool_t	IsEqual (const TObject *obj) const

virtual Bool_t	IsFolder () const

R__ALWAYS_INLINE Bool_t	IsOnHeap () const

R__ALWAYS_INLINE Bool_t	IsZombie () const

void	MayNotUse (const char *method) const

virtual Bool_t	Notify ()

void	Obsolete (const char method, const char asOfVers, const char *removedFromVers) const

void	operator delete (void *ptr)

void	operator delete (void ptr, void vp)

void	operator delete[] (void *ptr)

void	operator delete[] (void ptr, void vp)

void *	operator new (size_t sz)

void *	operator new (size_t sz, void *vp)

void *	operator new[] (size_t sz)

void *	operator new[] (size_t sz, void *vp)

TObject &	operator= (const TObject &rhs)

virtual void	Paint (Option_t *option="")

virtual void	Pop ()

virtual Int_t	Read (const char *name)

virtual void	RecursiveRemove (TObject *obj)

void	ResetBit (UInt_t f)

virtual void	SaveAs (const char filename="", Option_t option="") const

virtual void	SavePrimitive (std::ostream &out, Option_t *option="")

void	SetBit (UInt_t f)

void	SetBit (UInt_t f, Bool_t set)

virtual void	SetDrawOption (Option_t *option="")

virtual void	SetUniqueID (UInt_t uid)

void	StreamerNVirtual (TBuffer &ClassDef_StreamerNVirtual_b)

virtual void	SysError (const char method, const char msgfmt,...) const

R__ALWAYS_INLINE Bool_t	TestBit (UInt_t f) const

Int_t	TestBits (UInt_t f) const

virtual void	UseCurrentStyle ()

virtual void	Warning (const char method, const char msgfmt,...) const

virtual Int_t	Write (const char *name=nullptr, Int_t option=0, Int_t bufsize=0)

virtual Int_t	Write (const char *name=nullptr, Int_t option=0, Int_t bufsize=0) const

Static Public Member Functions
static Int_t	GetAFromZ (Double_t, Char_t mt)

static Int_t	GetNFromZ (Double_t, Char_t mt)
	Calculate neutron number from the element's atomic number Z. More...

static Double_t	GetRealAFromZ (Double_t, Char_t mt)

static Double_t	GetRealNFromZ (Double_t, Char_t mt)

static Int_t	GetZFromSymbol (const Char_t *)

static Int_t	IsMassGiven (const Char_t *)

static Double_t	LiquidDrop_BrackGuet (UInt_t A, UInt_t Z)

static Double_t	TKE_Hinde1987 (Double_t z1, Double_t a1, Double_t z2, Double_t a2)

static Double_t	TKE_Itkis1998 (Double_t z, Double_t a)

static Double_t	TKE_Kozulin2014 (Double_t zp, Double_t zt, Double_t ap, Double_t at)

static Double_t	TKE_Viola1966 (Double_t z, Double_t a)
	from: V. E. Viola, Jr., Nuclear Data Sheets. Section A 1, 391 (1965). More...

static Double_t	TKE_Viola1985 (Double_t z, Double_t a)
	from: V. E. Viola, K. Kwiatkowski, and M. Walker, Physical Review C 31, 1550 (1985). More...

static Double_t	u (void)

Static Public Member Functions inherited from KVParticle
static Double_t	C ()

Static Public Member Functions inherited from TLorentzVector
static TClass *	Class ()

static const char *	Class_Name ()

static constexpr Version_t	Class_Version ()

static const char *	DeclFileName ()

Static Public Member Functions inherited from TObject
static TClass *	Class ()

static const char *	Class_Name ()

static constexpr Version_t	Class_Version ()

static const char *	DeclFileName ()

static Longptr_t	GetDtorOnly ()

static Bool_t	GetObjectStat ()

static void	SetDtorOnly (void *obj)

static void	SetObjectStat (Bool_t stat)

Static Public Attributes
static Double_t	e2 = KVNucleus::hbar / 137.035999074
	e^2/(4.pi.epsilon_0) in MeV.fm More...

static Double_t	hbar = TMath::Hbarcgs() * TMath::Ccgs() / TMath::Qe()
	hbar*c in MeV.fm More...

static Double_t	kAMU = 9.31494043e02
	atomic mass unit in MeV More...

static Double_t	kMe = 0.510998
	electron mass in MeV/c2 More...

Private Types
enum	{ kIsHeavy = BIT(17) }

Private Attributes
UChar_t	fA
	nuclear mass number More...

UChar_t	fMassFormula
	mass formula for calculating A from Z More...

TString	fSymbolName

UChar_t	fZ
	nuclear charge number (atomic number) More...

Static Private Attributes
static Char_t	fElements [][3]
	symbols of chemical elements More...

static UInt_t	fNb_nuc = 0
	counts number of existing KVNucleus objects More...

Additional Inherited Members
Public Attributes inherited from TLorentzVector
	kNUM_COORDINATES

	kSIZE

	kT

	kX

	kY

	kZ

Public Attributes inherited from TObject
	kBitMask

	kCanDelete

	kCannotPick

	kHasUUID

	kInconsistent

	kInvalidObject

	kIsOnHeap

	kIsReferenced

	kMustCleanup

	kNoContextMenu

	kNotDeleted

	kObjInCanvas

	kOverwrite

	kSingleKey

	kWriteDelete

	kZombie

Protected Member Functions inherited from TObject
virtual void	DoError (int level, const char location, const char fmt, va_list va) const

void	MakeZombie ()

Protected Attributes inherited from TObject
	kOnlyPrepStep

Member Enumeration Documentation

◆ anonymous enum

anonymous enum

private

Enumerator
kIsHeavy

Definition at line 137 of file KVNucleus.h.

◆ anonymous enum

anonymous enum

Enumerator
kBetaMass
kVedaMass
kEALMass
kEALResMass
kEPAXMass

Definition at line 142 of file KVNucleus.h.

◆ anonymous enum

anonymous enum

Enumerator
kLDModel
kEMPFunc
kELTON

Definition at line 149 of file KVNucleus.h.

◆ anonymous enum

anonymous enum

Enumerator
kDefaultFormula
kItkis1998
kHinde1987
kViola1985
kViola1966

Definition at line 155 of file KVNucleus.h.

◆ anonymous enum

anonymous enum

Enumerator
kNN
knn
kpp
knp

Definition at line 163 of file KVNucleus.h.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ KVNucleus() [1/6]

KVNucleus::KVNucleus ( )

Default constructor.

Definition at line 270 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ KVNucleus() [2/6]

KVNucleus::KVNucleus ( const KVNucleus & obj )

copy ctor

Definition at line 284 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ KVNucleus() [3/6]

KVNucleus::KVNucleus	(	Int_t	z,
		Int_t	a = `0`,
		Double_t	ekin = `0`
	)

Create a nucleus with atomic number Z. If the mass number A is not given, A is calculated using the parametrisation determined by the value of fMassFormula (see KVNucleus::GetAFromZ). ekin is the kinetic energy in MeV

Definition at line 319 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ KVNucleus() [4/6]

KVNucleus::KVNucleus	(	Int_t	z,
		Double_t	t,
		const TVector3 &	p
	)

Create nucleus with given Z, kinetic energy t and direction p (p is a unit vector in the desired direction. See KVPosition for methods for generating such vectors). The mass number A is calculated from Z. See KVNucleus::GetAFromZ.

Definition at line 368 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ KVNucleus() [5/6]

KVNucleus::KVNucleus	(	Int_t	z,
		Int_t	a,
		const TVector3 &	p
	)

Create nucleus with given Z, A, and 3-momentum p

Definition at line 389 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ KVNucleus() [6/6]

KVNucleus::KVNucleus	(	const Char_t *	symbol,
		Double_t	EperA = `0`
	)

KVNucleus(const Char_t *);.

Create a nucleus defined by symbol e.g. "12C", "34Mg", "42Si" etc. etc.

If symbol is not valid, will be made a zombie (IsZombie() returns kTRUE)

The second argument is the kinetic energy per nucleon (E/A) in MeV/A unit

Definition at line 346 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ ~ KVNucleus()

virtual KVNucleus::~ KVNucleus ( )

virtual

Member Function Documentation

◆ CheckZAndA()

void KVNucleus::CheckZAndA	(	Int_t &	z,
		Int_t &	a
	)		const

Definition at line 855 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ Clear()

void KVNucleus::Clear ( Option_t * opt = "" )

virtual

Reset nucleus' properties: set A and Z to zero. For other properties, see KVParticle::Clear

Reimplemented from KVParticle.

Reimplemented in KVINDRAReconNuc, KVFAZIAReconNuc, and KVReconstructedNucleus.

Definition at line 301 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ Compare()

Int_t KVNucleus::Compare ( const TObject * obj ) const

virtual

For sorting lists of nuclei according to their Z Largest Z appears first in list

Reimplemented from TObject.

Definition at line 1691 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ Copy()

void KVNucleus::Copy ( TObject & obj ) const

virtual

Copy this KVNucleus into the KVNucleus object referenced by "obj".

Reimplemented from KVParticle.

Reimplemented in KVSimNucleus, KVReconstructedNucleus, KVINDRAReconNuc, and KVFAZIAReconNuc.

Definition at line 837 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ DeduceEincFromBrho()

Double_t KVNucleus::DeduceEincFromBrho	(	Double_t	Brho,
		Int_t	ChargeState = `0`
	)

TH2F* GetKnownNucleiChart(KVString method="GetBindingEnergyPerNucleon");.

Retourne l'energie cintetique totale (MeV) du noyau pour une valeur de Brho et d'etat de charge (Si 0-> Etat de charge=Z)

Definition at line 1767 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetA()

Int_t KVNucleus::GetA ( ) const

Returns mass number (A) of nucleus.

The actual member variable (fA) is a UChar_t and so limited to values 0-255. In case nuclei with larger A are needed (for example in calculations of 2-body scattering, a temporary nucleus corresponding to the sum of the entrance channel nuclei is used in order to find the outgoing target-like from the outgoing projectile-like) the flag "kIsHeavy" is set and GetA returns the value (fA+255). For this reason you should always use GetA and not fA.

Examples: ExampleE789ReconAnalysis.cpp, and ExampleReconAnalysis.cpp.

Definition at line 802 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetAbundance()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetAbundance	(	Int_t	z = `-1`,
		Int_t	a = `-1`
	)		const

Returns relative abundance value (see KVAbundance class for unit details). If optional arguments (z,a) are given we return the value for the required nucleus.

Definition at line 1215 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetAbundancePtr()

KVAbundance * KVNucleus::GetAbundancePtr	(	Int_t	z = `-1`,
		Int_t	a = `-1`
	)		const

Returns the pointeur of the abundance object associated to this nucleus If optional arguments (z,a) are given we return the object for the required nucleus.

Definition at line 1262 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetAFromZ()

Int_t KVNucleus::GetAFromZ	(	Double_t	Z,
		Char_t	mt
	)

static

Calculate nuclear mass number from the element's atomic number Z. Used by default to set fA and fMass if fA not given. For light nuclei (Z<6) the values are given (not calculated) and correspond to: p, alpha, 7Li, 9Be, 11B. For heavier nuclei, several prescriptions are available by giving one of the following values to argument mt:

mt = KVNucleus::kVedaMass

Veda - A calculated using the formula fA = TMath::Nint(1.867*fZ+.016*fZ*fZ-1.07E-4*fZ*fZ*fZ); This corresponds to the amass.f subroutine of the old INDRA Veda calibration programme. These are the masses used in the first INDRA campaigns. For light nuclei (Z<6) the values are given (not calculated) and correspond to: p, alpha, 6Li, 8Be, 10B.

mt = KVNucleus::kBetaMass

Beta (default) - An improved parametrisation of the beta-stability valley, correct even for heavy nuclei up to 238U. The formula is the result of a fit to 8 stable nuclear masses from Ne20 up to U238. From carbon-12 onwards, the mass is calculated using fA = (Int_t) (.2875 + 1.7622 *Z + .013879 * Z * Z - .000054875 * Z * Z * Z) + 1;

mt = KVNucleus::kEALMass

EAL - parametrisation of the Evaporation Attractor Line (residue corridor) due to R.J. Charity (PRC 58(1998)1073). fA = (Int_t)(2.072*Z + 2.32E-03 * Z*Z) + 1; (eq 2)

mt = KVNucleus::kEALResMass

EALRes - R.J. Charity -— improvement of EAL parametrisation for Heavy Residues (QP for instance) (PRC 58(1998)1073) (eq 7) fA = (Int_t)(2.045*Z + 3.57E-03 * Z*Z) + 1 ;

mt = any other value: A=2*Z

Definition at line 567 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetAMeV()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetAMeV ( ) const

Returns kinetic energy of nucleus per nucleon (in MeV/nucleon, donc)

Definition at line 1384 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetAsurZ()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetAsurZ ( ) const

inline

Definition at line 238 of file KVNucleus.h.

◆ GetAtomicMass()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetAtomicMass	(	Int_t	zz = `-1`,
		Int_t	aa = `-1`
	)		const

Returns the mass of an isotope in unified atomic mass units (KVNucleus::u() MeV/c**2). This number is also the mass in grammes of 1 mole of this isotope.

Definition at line 932 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetAWithMaxBindingEnergy()

Int_t KVNucleus::GetAWithMaxBindingEnergy ( Int_t z = -1 )

Definition at line 1484 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetBindingEnergy()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetBindingEnergy	(	Int_t	z = `-1`,
		Int_t	a = `-1`
	)		const

Returns ground state binding energy in MeV for this nucleus. The convention is : binding energy is positive if nucleus is bound. If optional arguments (z,a) are given we return the binding energy for the required nucleus. If the nucleus is not included in the mass table, an extrapolated value using KVNucleus::LiquidDrop_BrackGuet is returned.

Definition at line 1305 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetBindingEnergyPerNucleon()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetBindingEnergyPerNucleon	(	Int_t	z = `-1`,
		Int_t	a = `-1`
	)		const

Returns binding energy in MeV/A for this nucleus.

Definition at line 1351 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetChargeAsymetry()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetChargeAsymetry ( ) const

inline

The charge asymertry = (neutrons-protons)/nucleons

Definition at line 246 of file KVNucleus.h.

◆ GetChargeRadius()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetChargeRadius	(	Int_t	z = `-1`,
		Int_t	a = `-1`
	)		const

Returns charge radius in fm for tabulated nuclei if not tabulated returns the extrapolated radius calculate in GetExtraChargeRadius If optional arguments (z,a) are given we return the value for the required nucleus.

Definition at line 1098 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetChargeRadiusPtr()

KVChargeRadius * KVNucleus::GetChargeRadiusPtr	(	Int_t	z = `-1`,
		Int_t	a = `-1`
	)		const

Returns the pointeur of charge radius object associated to this nucleus If optional arguments (z,a) are given we return object for the required nucleus.

Definition at line 1196 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetEnergyPerNucleon()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetEnergyPerNucleon ( ) const

Returns kinetic energy of nucleus per nucleon (in MeV/nucleon, donc)

Definition at line 1368 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetExcitEnergy()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetExcitEnergy ( ) const

inline

Return the excitation energy of the nucleus in MeV. This is the difference between the (relativistic) rest mass and the ground state mass of the nucleus

Examples: ExampleAnalysis_KVEventMixerN_3Body.cpp.

Definition at line 283 of file KVNucleus.h.

◆ GetExtraChargeRadius()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetExtraChargeRadius	(	Int_t	z = `-1`,
		Int_t	a = `-1`,
		Int_t	rct = `2`
	)		const

Calculate the extrapoled charge radius Three formulae taken from Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables 87 (2004) 185-201 are proposed: rct=2 (kELTON)take into account the finite surfacethickness This rct=2 is set by default because it has the best reproduction of exp data

rct=1 (kEMPFunc) is a purely emperical function re*A**ee rct=0 (kLDModel) is the standard Liquid Drop model approximation

Those formulae are valid for nuclei near the stability valley other parametrization for xotic nuclei are proposed in the same reference but needed extrapolation from given nuclei and I don't have time to do it now

If optional arguments (z,a) are given we return the value for the required nucleus.

Definition at line 1136 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetExtraMassExcess()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetExtraMassExcess	(	Int_t	z = `-1`,
		Int_t	a = `-1`
	)		const

Calculate the extrapoled mass excess value from the LiquidDrop_BrackGuet formula If optional arguments (z,a) are given we return the value for the required nucleus.

Definition at line 913 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetFissionTKE()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetFissionTKE	(	const KVNucleus *	nuc = `0`,
		Int_t	formula = `kDefaultFormula`
	)		const

Average or most probable Total Kinetic Energy [MeV] expected for fission based on various systematics for fission of highly-excited nuclei produced in heavy-ion reactions. If nuc=0, this method returns the TKE for symmetric fission of this nucleus. Else, it returns the expected TKE considering that nuc and the current nucleus arise from the fisson of a compound nucleus.

kItkis1998: M.G. Itkis & A. Ya. Rusanov, Phys. Part. Nucl. 29, 160 (1998)
kDefaultFormula = kHinde1987: D. Hinde, J. Leigh, J. Bokhorst, J. Newton, R. Walsh, and J. Boldeman, Nuclear Physics A 472, 318 (1987).
kViola1985: V. E. Viola, K. Kwiatkowski, and M. Walker, Physical Review C 31, 1550 (1985).
kViola1966: V. E. Viola, Jr. , Nuclear Data Sheets. Section A 1, 391 (1965).

Definition at line 1810 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetFissionVelocity()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetFissionVelocity	(	KVNucleus *	nuc = `0`,
		Int_t	formula = `kDefaultFormula`
	)

Average/most probable relative velocity [cm/ns] expected for fission based on various systematics for fission of highly-excited nuclei produced in heavy-ion reactions. If nuc=0, this method returns the relative velocity expected for the symmetric fission of this nucleus. Else, it returns the expected relative velocity considering that nuc and the current nucleus arise from the fisson of a compound nucleus.

kItkis1998: M.G. Itkis & A. Ya. Rusanov, Phys. Part. Nucl. 29, 160 (1998)
kDefaultFormula = kHinde1987: D. Hinde, J. Leigh, J. Bokhorst, J. Newton, R. Walsh, and J. Boldeman, Nuclear Physics A 472, 318 (1987).
kViola1985: V. E. Viola, K. Kwiatkowski, and M. Walker, Physical Review C 31, 1550 (1985).
kViola1966: V. E. Viola, Jr. , Nuclear Data Sheets. Section A 1, 391 (1965).

Definition at line 1883 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetIsotopesList()

const Char_t * KVNucleus::GetIsotopesList	(	Int_t	zmin,
		Int_t	zmax,
		Double_t	tmin = `0`
	)		const

returns list of isotopes separated by commas for exemple 1H,2H,3H according to the charge range and the lifetime in seconds

Definition at line 1456 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetKnownARange()

KVNumberList KVNucleus::GetKnownARange	(	Int_t	zz = `-1`,
		Double_t	tmin = `0`
	)		const

returns range of a known mass for a given element according to the lifetime in seconds tmin=0 (default) include all nuclei with known lifetime tmin=-1 include also nuclei for which lifetime is unknown

Definition at line 1401 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetLatexSymbol()

const Char_t * KVNucleus::GetLatexSymbol ( Option_t * opt = "" ) const

Returns symbol of isotope corresponding to this nucleus, suitable for latex format in ROOT TLatex type class i.e. "^{238}U", "^{12}C", "^{3}He" etc. Neutrons are represented by "^{1}n". In order to have also the charge printed like this : ^{12}_{6}C call with opt="ALL". if you need only the chemical symbol, set opt="EL"

Definition at line 113 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetLifeTime()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetLifeTime	(	Int_t	z = `-1`,
		Int_t	a = `-1`
	)		const

Returns life time in seconds (see KVLifeTime class for unit details). For 'stable' nuclei (for which the abundance is known), if no lifetime exists in the table we return 1.e+100. For other "nuclei" with no known lifetime we return -1. For resonances (IsResonance() returns kTRUE) we calculate the lifetime from the width of the resonance, t = hbar/W. If optional arguments (z,a) are given we return the value for the required nucleus.

Definition at line 1043 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetLifeTimePtr()

KVLifeTime * KVNucleus::GetLifeTimePtr	(	Int_t	z = `-1`,
		Int_t	a = `-1`
	)		const

Returns the pointeur of the life time object associated to this nucleus If optional arguments (z,a) are given we return object for the required nucleus.

Definition at line 1077 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetLiquidDropBindingEnergy()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetLiquidDropBindingEnergy	(	Int_t	z = `-1`,
		Int_t	a = `-1`
	)		const

Returns ground state binding energy in MeV for this nucleus calculated from Brack & Guet liquid drop formula (see KVNucleus::LiquiDrop_BrackGuet). The convention is : binding energy is positive if nucleus is bound. If optional arguments (z,a) are given we return the binding energy for the required nucleus.

Definition at line 1330 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetMassExcess()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetMassExcess	(	Int_t	z = `-1`,
		Int_t	a = `-1`
	)		const

Returns mass excess value in MeV for this nucleus. If optional arguments (z,a) are given we return the value for the required nucleus. If the nucleus is not included in the mass table, an extrapolated value using KVNucleus::LiquidDrop_BrackGuet is returned.

Definition at line 886 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetMassExcessPtr()

KVMassExcess * KVNucleus::GetMassExcessPtr	(	Int_t	z = `-1`,
		Int_t	a = `-1`
	)		const

Returns pointer of corresponding KVMassExcess object 0 if the Z,A couple is not in the table If optional arguments (z,a) are given we return the value for the required nucleus.

Definition at line 950 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetMassFormula()

Int_t KVNucleus::GetMassFormula ( ) const

inline

Definition at line 177 of file KVNucleus.h.

◆ GetMassGS()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetMassGS ( ) const

inline

Return the ground state mass of the nucleus in MeV.

Definition at line 290 of file KVNucleus.h.

◆ GetMeasuredARange()

KVNumberList KVNucleus::GetMeasuredARange ( Int_t z = -1 ) const

returns range of a measured mass for a given element

Definition at line 1427 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetMostAbundantA()

Int_t KVNucleus::GetMostAbundantA ( Int_t z = -1 ) const

Returns for a the Z of the current nucleus (z=-1) or the given z most abundant A. return -1 if no isotope of the given z have an abundance

Definition at line 1233 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetN()

Int_t KVNucleus::GetN ( ) const

Return the number of neutron.

Definition at line 784 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetNaturalA()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetNaturalA ( Int_t Z = -1 ) const

Calculate and return the effective mass number of element Z taking into account the abundance of naturally-occurring isotopes

Definition at line 2041 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetNFromZ()

Int_t KVNucleus::GetNFromZ	(	Double_t	Z,
		Char_t	mt
	)

static

Calculate neutron number from the element's atomic number Z.

Definition at line 639 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetNpairs()

Int_t KVNucleus::GetNpairs ( Int_t type = kNN ) const

Definition at line 821 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetNsurZ()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetNsurZ ( ) const

inline

Definition at line 242 of file KVNucleus.h.

◆ GetParity()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetParity	(	Int_t	z = `-1`,
		Int_t	a = `-1`
	)		const

Returns parity value (-1 or +1) for this nucleus. If optional arguments (z,a) are given we return the value for the required nucleus. If the nucleus is not included in the mass table, O is returned

Definition at line 1015 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetQFasymTKE()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetQFasymTKE ( KVNucleus * target )

<TKE> of asymmetric QuasiFission fragments (for the fragment mass where the QFasym yield is maximal) E.M. Kozulin et al PHYSICAL REVIEW C 90, 054608 (2014) This depends on the entrance channel: this nucleus is assumed to be the projectile, while the target is given as argument.

Definition at line 1860 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetRealAFromZ()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetRealAFromZ	(	Double_t	Z,
		Char_t	mt
	)

static

Calculate nuclear mass number from the element's atomic number Z. This value is not rounded off, we just return the result of one of the following formulae:

mt = KVNucleus::kVedaMass

Veda - A calculated using the formula fA = (1.867*fZ+.016*fZ*fZ-1.07E-4*fZ*fZ*fZ); This corresponds to the amass.f subroutine of the old INDRA Veda calibration programme. This formula was supposed to represent the Z-dependence of isotope masses in the beta-stability valley, but is in fact a rather poor approximation, especially for large Z.

mt = KVNucleus::kBetaMass

Beta (default) - An improved parametrisation of the beta-stability valley, correct even for heavy nuclei up to 238U. The formula is the result of a fit to 8 stable nuclear masses from Ne20 up to U238. fA = (.2875 + 1.7622 *Z + .013879 * Z * Z - .000054875 * Z * Z * Z);

mt = KVNucleus::kEALMass

EAL - parametrisation of the Evaporation Attractor Line (residue corridor) due to R.J. Charity (PRC 58(1998)1073) (eq 2) fA = (2.072*Z + 2.32E-03 * Z*Z) ;

mt = KVNucleus::kEALResMass

EALRes - R.J. Charity -— improvement of EAL parametrisation for Heavy Residue (QP for instance) (PRC 58(1998)1073) (eq 7) fA = (2.045*Z + 3.57E-03 * Z*Z) ;

mt = any other value: A=2*Z

Definition at line 447 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetRealNFromZ()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetRealNFromZ	(	Double_t	Z,
		Char_t	mt
	)

static

Calculate neutron number from the element's atomic number Z. This value is not rounded off, we just return the result obtain from the chosen mass formula (mt)

Definition at line 517 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetRelativeVelocity()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetRelativeVelocity ( KVNucleus * nuc )

Return the reltive velocity between nuc and this in cm/ns.

Definition at line 1790 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetSpin()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetSpin	(	Int_t	z = `-1`,
		Int_t	a = `-1`
	)		const

Returns spin value for this nucleus. If optional arguments (z,a) are given we return the value for the required nucleus. If the nucleus is not included in the mass table, -1 is returned

Definition at line 990 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetSpinParityPtr()

KVSpinParity * KVNucleus::GetSpinParityPtr	(	Int_t	z = `-1`,
		Int_t	a = `-1`
	)		const

Returns pointer of corresponding KVSpinParity object 0 if the Z,A couple is not in the table If optional arguments (z,a) are given we return the value for the required nucleus.

Definition at line 970 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetSymbol()

const Char_t * KVNucleus::GetSymbol ( Option_t * opt = "" ) const

Returns symbol of isotope corresponding to this nucleus, i.e. "238U", "12C", "3He" etc. Neutrons are represented by "n". In order to have just the symbol of the chemical element (e.g. "Pt", "Zn", "Fe"), call with opt="EL".

Examples: ClassTraj.cpp.

Definition at line 81 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetWidth()

Double_t KVNucleus::GetWidth ( ) const

Returns width of resonance in MeV, if this nucleus is indeed a resonance (IsResonance() returns kTRUE).

Definition at line 2026 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetZ()

Int_t KVNucleus::GetZ ( ) const

Return the number of proton / atomic number.

Examples: ExampleE789ReconAnalysis.cpp, ExampleFilteredSimDataAnalysis.cpp, ExampleINDRAAnalysis.cpp, ExampleReconAnalysis.cpp, and ExampleReconRawAnalysis.cpp.

Definition at line 773 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ GetZFromSymbol()

Int_t KVNucleus::GetZFromSymbol ( const Char_t * sym )

static

Returns Z of nucleus with given symbol i.e. "C" => Z=6, "U" => Z=92 if unknown, returns -1

Definition at line 209 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ init()

void KVNucleus::init ( void )

Default intialisations The mass formula is kBetaMass, i.e. the formula for the valley of beta-stability. Set up nuclear data table manager if not done already

Definition at line 248 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ IsDefined()

Bool_t KVNucleus::IsDefined ( ) const

inline

Returns kTRUE if the Z and/or A of the nucleus have been set.

'Blank' nuclei created by the default constructor have Z=A=0 until a method such as SetZ() is called. In this case IsDefined() returns kFALSE.

Definition at line 202 of file KVNucleus.h.

◆ IsElement()

Bool_t KVNucleus::IsElement ( Int_t Z ) const

inline

Definition at line 330 of file KVNucleus.h.

◆ IsIsotope()

Bool_t KVNucleus::IsIsotope	(	Int_t	Z,
		Int_t	A
	)		const

inline

Examples: ExampleE789ReconAnalysis.cpp, and ExampleReconAnalysis.cpp.

Definition at line 334 of file KVNucleus.h.

◆ IsKnown()

Bool_t KVNucleus::IsKnown	(	int	z = `-1`,
		int	a = `-1`
	)		const

Old method, the answer is only valid for the mass excess table Returns kTRUE if this nucleus or (z,a) is included in the mass table.

We kept it for backward compatibility :

Definition at line 1282 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ IsMassGiven()

Int_t KVNucleus::IsMassGiven ( const Char_t * isotope )

static

test if the given string corresponds to the name of an isotope/element, and whether or not a mass is specified. isotope = symbol for element isotope, "C", "natSn", "13N", etc. if the mass of the isotope is given ("13N", "233U") we return the given mass if this is a valid element but no mass is given we return 0 if this is not a valid isotope/element, we return -1

Definition at line 147 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ IsResonance()

Bool_t KVNucleus::IsResonance ( ) const

Returns kTRUE if this nucleus is a resonance. In this case GetWidth() returns the width in MeV.

Definition at line 2011 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ IsSortable()

Bool_t KVNucleus::IsSortable ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Reimplemented from TObject.

Definition at line 197 of file KVNucleus.h.

◆ IsStable()

Bool_t KVNucleus::IsStable ( Double_t min_lifetime = 1.0e+15 ) const

Returns kTRUE if this nucleus is stable. Definition of stable: if the natural abundance is defined (look up in Abundance table) OR if lifetime is > min_lifetime

Definition at line 1992 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ LiquidDrop_BrackGuet()

Double_t KVNucleus::LiquidDrop_BrackGuet	(	UInt_t	aa,
		UInt_t	zz
	)

static

Liquid drop mass formula used for nuclei not in mass table (extrapolation). Parameters are from Brack and Guet (copied from Simon code)

Definition at line 1623 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ LiquidDrop_Weizsacker()

Double_t KVNucleus::LiquidDrop_Weizsacker ( )

Liquid drop mass formula used for nuclei not in mass table (extrapolation). Parameters are from Brack and Guet (copied from Simon code)

Definition at line 1659 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ operator+()

KVNucleus KVNucleus::operator+ ( const KVNucleus & rhs )

KVNucleus addition operator. Add two nuclei together to form a compound nucleus whose Z, A, momentum and excitation energy are calculated from energy and momentum conservation.

Definition at line 1527 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ operator+=()

KVNucleus & KVNucleus::operator+= ( const KVNucleus & rhs )

KVNucleus addition and assignment operator.

Definition at line 1592 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ operator-()

KVNucleus KVNucleus::operator- ( const KVNucleus & rhs )

KVNucleus subtraction operator. If the LHS is a compound nucleus and the RHS an emitted nucleus (which may or may not be excited) then the result of the subtraction is the residual nucleus, with recoil and residual excitation calculated by conservation laws.

Definition at line 1557 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ operator-=()

KVNucleus & KVNucleus::operator-= ( const KVNucleus & rhs )

KVNucleus subtraction and assignment operator.

Definition at line 1607 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ operator=()

KVNucleus & KVNucleus::operator= ( const KVNucleus & rhs )

KVNucleus assignment operator.

Definition at line 1509 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ Print()

void KVNucleus::Print ( Option_t * t = "" ) const

virtual

Display nucleus parameters.

Reimplemented from KVParticle.

Reimplemented in KVSimNucleus, KVReconstructedNucleus, KVINDRAReconNuc, and KVFAZIAReconNuc.

Examples: KVEvent_iterator_example.C, and globvars_kvzmax.C.

Definition at line 761 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ Set()

void KVNucleus::Set ( const Char_t * isotope )

Set nucleus' Z & A using chemical symbol e.g. Set("12C") or Set("233U") etc.

Any failure to deduce Z from the symbol will result in this object being made a zombie i.e. IsZombie() will return kTRUE

Definition at line 180 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ SetA()

void KVNucleus::SetA ( Int_t a )

Set mass number Be careful not to call SetZ() after SetA(), as SetZ() will reset the mass number according to one of the available parametrisations of A as a function of Z.

For A>255 the kIsHeavy flag is set. Then fA will equal A-255, and GetA will return fA+255. If A<=255 the flag is reset.

Definition at line 658 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ SetExcitEnergy()

void KVNucleus::SetExcitEnergy ( Double_t ex )

Define excitation energy of nucleus in MeV. The rest mass of the nucleus is changed: m0 -> m0 + E*

Examples: KVGenPhaseSpace_example.C.

Definition at line 868 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ SetMassFormula()

void KVNucleus::SetMassFormula ( UChar_t mt )

inline

Set mass formula used for calculating A from Z for this nucleus

Definition at line 345 of file KVNucleus.h.

◆ SetN()

void KVNucleus::SetN ( Int_t n )

Set mass number Be careful not to call SetZ() after SetN(), as SetZ() will reset the neutron number according to one of the available parametrisations of A (N+Z) as a function of Z.

Definition at line 688 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ SetZ()

void KVNucleus::SetZ	(	Int_t	z,
		Char_t	mt = `-1`
	)

Set atomic number The mass number fA is automatically calculated and set using GetAFromZ(). The optional EMassType argument allows to change the default parametrisation used for calculating A from Z.

Examples: KVEvent_iterator_example.C.

Definition at line 707 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ SetZAandE()

void KVNucleus::SetZAandE	(	Int_t	z,
		Int_t	a,
		Double_t	ekin
	)

Set atomic number, mass number, and kinetic energy in MeV.

Definition at line 736 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ SetZandA()

void KVNucleus::SetZandA	(	Int_t	z,
		Int_t	a
	)

Set atomic number and mass number.

Definition at line 724 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ SetZandN()

void KVNucleus::SetZandN	(	Int_t	z,
		Int_t	n
	)

Set atomic number and mass number.

Definition at line 749 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ SetZFromSymbol()

int KVNucleus::SetZFromSymbol ( const Char_t * sym )

Set Z of nucleus with given symbol i.e. "C" => Z=6, "U" => Z=92

Returns Z found, or -1 if symbol is unknown

Definition at line 228 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ ShimaChargeState()

Double_t KVNucleus::ShimaChargeState ( Int_t Ztarget ) const

Nuclear Instruments and Methods 200 (1982) 605-608 Shima et al "The present formula is useful for the collision range" Zprojectile>=8 4<=Ztarget<=79 Eproj<=6 MeV/A Precision DeltaQ/Zproj <0.04.

v=sqrt((2*E*1.6022)/(A*1.66054))*10.; X=v/((3.6)*pow(Z,0.45));

Definition at line 2065 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ ShimaChargeStatePrecision()

Double_t KVNucleus::ShimaChargeStatePrecision ( ) const

Definition at line 2106 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ TKE_Hinde1987()

Double_t KVNucleus::TKE_Hinde1987	(	Double_t	z1,
		Double_t	a1,
		Double_t	z2,
		Double_t	a2
	)

static

from: D. Hinde, J. Leigh, J. Bokhorst, J. Newton, R. Walsh, and J. Boldeman, Nuclear Physics A 472, 318 (1987) According to the authors, an extension to asymmetric fission based on TKE_Viola1985

Definition at line 1918 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ TKE_Itkis1998()

Double_t KVNucleus::TKE_Itkis1998	(	Double_t	z,
		Double_t	a
	)

static

from: M.G. Itkis & A. Ya. Rusanov, Phys. Part. Nucl. 29, 160 (1998) Compared to Viola systematics, only heavy-ion induced fission is considered A change of slope is observed for Z**2/A**1/3 > 900

Definition at line 1956 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ TKE_Kozulin2014()

Double_t KVNucleus::TKE_Kozulin2014	(	Double_t	zp,
		Double_t	zt,
		Double_t	ap,
		Double_t	at
	)

static

<TKE> of asymmetric QuasiFission fragments (for the fragment mass where the QFasym yield is maximal) E.M. Kozulin et al PHYSICAL REVIEW C 90, 054608 (2014)

Definition at line 1974 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ TKE_Viola1966()

Double_t KVNucleus::TKE_Viola1966	(	Double_t	z,
		Double_t	a
	)

static

from: V. E. Viola, Jr., Nuclear Data Sheets. Section A 1, 391 (1965).

Definition at line 1942 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ TKE_Viola1985()

Double_t KVNucleus::TKE_Viola1985	(	Double_t	z,
		Double_t	a
	)

static

from: V. E. Viola, K. Kwiatkowski, and M. Walker, Physical Review C 31, 1550 (1985).

Definition at line 1930 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

◆ u()

Double_t KVNucleus::u ( void )

static

Atomic mass unit in MeV Reference: 2002 CODATA recommended values Reviews of Modern Physics 77, 1-107 (2005)

Examples: ClassTraj.cpp.

Definition at line 1753 of file KVNucleus.cpp.

Member Data Documentation

◆ e2

Double_t KVNucleus::e2 = KVNucleus::hbar / 137.035999074

static

e^2/(4.pi.epsilon_0) in MeV.fm

Definition at line 174 of file KVNucleus.h.

◆ fA

UChar_t KVNucleus::fA

private

nuclear mass number

Definition at line 130 of file KVNucleus.h.

◆ fElements

Char_t KVNucleus::fElements

staticprivate

Initial value:

= {
   "n", "H", "He", "Li", "Be", "B", "C", "N", "O",
   "F", "Ne", "Na", "Mg", "Al", "Si", "P", "S", "Cl", "Ar", "K", "Ca",
   "Sc",
   "Ti", "V", "Cr", "Mn", "Fe", "Co", "Ni", "Cu", "Zn", "Ga", "Ge", "As",
   "Se", "Br",
   "Kr", "Rb", "Sr", "Y", "Zr", "Nb", "Mo", "Tc", "Ru", "Rh", "Pd", "Ag",
   "Cd",
   "In", "Sn", "Sb", "Te", "I", "Xe", "Cs", "Ba", "La", "Ce", "Pr", "Nd",
   "Pm",
   "Sm", "Eu", "Gd", "Tb", "Dy", "Ho", "Er", "Tm", "Yb", "Lu", "Hf", "Ta",
   "W",
   "Re", "Os", "Ir", "Pt", "Au", "Hg", "Tl", "Pb", "Bi", "Po", "At", "Rn",
   "Fr",
   "Ra", "Ac", "Th", "Pa", "U", "Np", "Pu", "Am", "Cm", "Bk", "Cf", "Es",
   "Fm", "Md",
   "No", "Lr", "Rf", "Db", "Sg", "Bh", "Hs", "Mt", "Ds", "Rg", "Cn", "Ed",
   "Fl", "Ef",
   "Lv", "Eh", "Ei"
}

symbols of chemical elements

Definition at line 134 of file KVNucleus.h.

◆ fMassFormula

UChar_t KVNucleus::fMassFormula

private

mass formula for calculating A from Z

Definition at line 132 of file KVNucleus.h.

◆ fNb_nuc

UInt_t KVNucleus::fNb_nuc = 0

staticprivate

counts number of existing KVNucleus objects

Definition at line 133 of file KVNucleus.h.

◆ fSymbolName

TString KVNucleus::fSymbolName

private

Definition at line 135 of file KVNucleus.h.

◆ fZ

UChar_t KVNucleus::fZ

private

nuclear charge number (atomic number)

Definition at line 131 of file KVNucleus.h.

◆ hbar

Double_t KVNucleus::hbar = TMath::Hbarcgs() * TMath::Ccgs() / TMath::Qe()

static

hbar*c in MeV.fm

Examples: ClassTraj.cpp.

Definition at line 173 of file KVNucleus.h.

◆ kAMU

Double_t KVNucleus::kAMU = 9.31494043e02

static

atomic mass unit in MeV

Examples: ClassTraj.cpp.

Definition at line 170 of file KVNucleus.h.

◆ kMe

Double_t KVNucleus::kMe = 0.510998

static

electron mass in MeV/c2

Definition at line 171 of file KVNucleus.h.

Detailed Description

Examples of use:

Nuclear masses

Nuclear Arithmetic & Calorimetry

Mass Excess Table

Public Types

Public Member Functions

Static Public Member Functions

Static Public Attributes

Private Types

Private Attributes

Static Private Attributes

Additional Inherited Members

Member Enumeration Documentation

◆ anonymous enum

◆ anonymous enum

◆ anonymous enum

◆ anonymous enum

◆ anonymous enum

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ KVNucleus() [1/6]

◆ KVNucleus() [2/6]

◆ KVNucleus() [3/6]

◆ KVNucleus() [4/6]

◆ KVNucleus() [5/6]

◆ KVNucleus() [6/6]

◆ ~ KVNucleus()

Member Function Documentation

◆ CheckZAndA()

◆ Clear()

◆ Compare()

◆ Copy()

◆ DeduceEincFromBrho()

◆ GetA()

◆ GetAbundance()

◆ GetAbundancePtr()

◆ GetAFromZ()

◆ GetAMeV()

◆ GetAsurZ()

◆ GetAtomicMass()

◆ GetAWithMaxBindingEnergy()

◆ GetBindingEnergy()

◆ GetBindingEnergyPerNucleon()

◆ GetChargeAsymetry()

◆ GetChargeRadius()

◆ GetChargeRadiusPtr()

◆ GetEnergyPerNucleon()

◆ GetExcitEnergy()

◆ GetExtraChargeRadius()

◆ GetExtraMassExcess()

◆ GetFissionTKE()

◆ GetFissionVelocity()

◆ GetIsotopesList()

◆ GetKnownARange()

◆ GetLatexSymbol()

◆ GetLifeTime()

◆ GetLifeTimePtr()

◆ GetLiquidDropBindingEnergy()

◆ GetMassExcess()

◆ GetMassExcessPtr()

◆ GetMassFormula()

◆ GetMassGS()

◆ GetMeasuredARange()

◆ GetMostAbundantA()

◆ GetN()

◆ GetNaturalA()

◆ GetNFromZ()

◆ GetNpairs()

◆ GetNsurZ()

◆ GetParity()

◆ GetQFasymTKE()

◆ GetRealAFromZ()

◆ GetRealNFromZ()

◆ GetRelativeVelocity()

◆ GetSpin()

◆ GetSpinParityPtr()

◆ GetSymbol()

◆ GetWidth()

◆ GetZ()

◆ GetZFromSymbol()